Transgender, or trans, describes a person whose gender identity does not match the sex they were assigned at birth. For example, someone assigned male at birth may identify as a woman, or someone assigned female at birth may identify as a man. Some people do not identify strictly as male or female at all; they may describe themselves as non-binary, genderqueer, or use other terms.
Medical steps are not required to be transgender, and each person's experience is unique. Respecting people's identities, supporting their rights, and understanding their journeys can make a significant difference.
Sex, Gender Identity, Gender Expression
Sex: The biological label given at birth (male, female, sometimes intersex).
Gender Identity: A person's internal sense of who they are (male, female, both, neither, etc.).
Gender Expression: How someone shows their gender in appearance, behaviour, style, voice, etc.
Common Terms
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Cisgender | Someone whose gender identity matches their assigned sex at birth. |
| Non-binary | Gender identity not limited to 'male' or female' – somewhere between, both, or outside these categories. |
| Gender dysphoria | Distress or discomfort caused by a mismatch between identity and assigned sex or body. |
| Transitioning | The process to live more fully in one's true gender. This can include changing name, pronouns, clothing, legal documents, medical treatment. |
| Gender-affirming care | Health care and support (medical or psychological) that helps align a person's body and life with their gender identity. |
Myths & Misconceptions
A common myth is that being transgender is just a phase or a trend, but trans identities have existed in many cultures and throughout history. Another misconception is that all transgender people have surgery; in reality, medical transition is optional, and each person's path is unique. Some people also believe children are being forced to be trans, but most transgender young people have a strong sense of who they are, and supportive environments improve their wellbeing.
Coming Out
Coming out as transgender can happen at any age. It may be a gradual process or a more sudden announcement, depending on the individual. People often come out first to close friends or family, and later more publicly if they feel safe and comfortable, though some may keep their identity private.
Transitioning: What It Might Involve
Transitioning can take many forms. Social transition includes changes such as adopting a new name, clothes, pronouns, or hairstyle. Legal transition involves updating identity documents like passports or driving licences. Medical transition may include hormone therapy or surgeries. There is no single path to transition, and not all transgender people choose or have access to these steps.
Gender-Affirming Care
Gender-affirming care can greatly improve mental health and wellbeing by reducing anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts. It allows people to feel more authentic in their bodies and identities. However, access to this care is not equal everywhere, and legal or medical barriers may prevent some from getting the support they need.
How to Be a Supportive Ally
Being supportive starts with using the correct name and pronouns, and asking politely if you are unsure. Listening without judgement allows transgender people to share their story on their own terms. It is important to avoid invasive questions, especially about medical treatment or bodies, unless the person chooses to talk about it. Allies can learn from trusted resources rather than expecting trans people to educate them, and they can also stand up against discrimination or negative remarks.
Legal Rights & Recognition
Legal recognition is an important part of transgender lives. This includes the ability to change names and gender markers on official documents, access gender-affirming healthcare without unnecessary delays, and be protected from discrimination at work, in schools, in healthcare, and in housing.