Allergic reactions to medications are unpredictable and can range from mild discomfort to life-threatening conditions. Understanding these reactions, recognising their symptoms, and knowing the appropriate actions to take are important.
What is a Drug Allergy?
A drug allergy is when your immune system reacts badly to a medication. Unlike side effects, which are known undesirable effects of a drug, allergic reactions are unexpected and can happen even with small doses.
Common Culprits
Some of the most common medications that cause allergic reactions include:
- Antibiotics, such as penicillin.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like ibuprofen and aspirin.
- Chemotherapy drugs.
- Anticonvulsants.
- Contrast dye used in imaging tests.
Symptoms to Look Out For
Allergic reactions can show in various ways, including:
- Skin Reactions: Rashes, hives, and itching are the most common signs.
- Breathing Issues: Wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing.
- Anaphylaxis: A severe, potentially life-threatening reaction that can cause shock, a severe drop in blood pressure, and breathing difficulties.
High-Risk Individuals
Some individuals are at a higher risk of experiencing allergic reactions to medications. This includes people who:
- Have a history of other allergies.
- Have previously experienced a reaction to the same or similar drugs.
- Have a compromised immune system.
Precautions and Prevention
- Inform Healthcare Providers: Always inform us, your doctors and pharmacists about any known drug allergies or adverse reactions you’ve had in the past.
- Wear a Medical Alert Bracelet: This can provide vital information in emergency situations.
- Read Drug Labels Carefully: Be aware of the ingredients in your medications.
- Be Cautious with New Medications: If you’re trying a new medication, start with a lower dose under medical supervision.
What to Do in Case of an Allergic Reaction
Mild Reactions
For minor skin rashes or itching, over-the-counter antihistamines might help. However, you should still inform your doctor about the reaction.
Severe Reactions
If symptoms of anaphylaxis appear, such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or lips, or fainting, seek emergency medical help immediately. This is a medical emergency.
Emergency Treatment
In cases of severe reactions, immediate medical intervention is necessary, which may include:
- Epinephrine to reduce the body’s allergic response.
- Antihistamines and corticosteroids to reduce symptoms.
- Intravenous fluids for blood pressure support.
Monitoring and Follow-Up
After an allergic reaction to a medication:
- Avoid the Medication: Make sure to avoid the drug in the future and inform all healthcare providers about the allergy.
- Medical Evaluation: Follow up with your healthcare provider for further evaluation and to discuss alternative medications.
- Allergy Testing: In some cases, an allergist can conduct tests to identify specific drug allergies.
Gender-Affirming Care and Soy and Nut Allergies
In gender-affirming care, hormone therapies like Sustanon (a testosterone therapy) and Utrogestan (a form of progesterone) are often used in the transition process. Individuals with soy and nut allergies need to be cautious with these medications.
Sustanon and Soy/Nut Allergy
Sustanon, an injectable testosterone, contains a small amount of arachis oil which is derived from peanuts. This can cause reactions in people with nut or peanut allergies. Even though it doesn't come from soy, it can cause allergic reactions in people with soy allergies.
If you have a nut, soy, or peanut allergy, consider an alternative medication.
Utrogestan and Soy/Nut Allergy
Utrogestan, used in feminising hormone therapy, is sometimes formulated with peanut oil. This can cause reactions in people with nut or peanut allergies. Even though it doesn't come from soy, it can cause allergic reactions in people with soy allergies.
If you have a nut, soy, or peanut allergy, consider an alternative medication.
Recommendations for People with Soy and Nut Allergies
Inform Healthcare Providers: Always disclose any known allergies to your healthcare provider, especially if you’re considering or currently undergoing hormone therapy.
Seek Alternatives: There are lots of alternative formulations of testosterone and progesterone that do not contain peanut oil or soy are available.
Read Medication Labels: Read the labels and ingredient lists of your medications. If you’re unsure, consult with your pharmacist or healthcare provider.
Allergy Testing: If you have a history of nut allergies but aren’t sure about your specific triggers, consider allergy testing before starting any new medication.
Emergency Plan: Have an emergency action plan in place, especially if you have a history of severe allergic reactions. This might include carrying an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) and wearing a medical alert bracelet.